毕业论文指导老师职称 第1篇
字体：一般选用Arial格式或者Times New Roman 格式字号：不同期刊有不同要求，一般为小四号字体或者10号字体。字数：很多期刊对文章字数没有要求，但也有期刊会对字数有限制要求，有的要求不超过4500字或者5000字。不同层级的标题表示：注意是否加粗，字体是否有要求，标题的大小写。斜体：个别的统计相关的字符或者拉丁学名要用斜体表示。其他：注意期刊的要求，具体每个期刊对格式的要求都有区别，首先登陆期刊投稿页面，找到如For authors, information for authors, guide for author等选择菜单栏，找到目标期刊的投稿须知, 认真阅读，然后根据要求一条条修正。同时建议下载2-3篇目标期刊同类型的近期发表的期刊做模版，参考着修改格式。当目标期刊已发表的期刊的格式与投稿须知的格式有冲突时，优先选择按投稿须知的格式进行修改。
摘要（Abstract）① 形式要求：主流形式分为一段式与四段式两种。一段式把背景、目的、方法、结果、结论在一段中介绍，不分段落四段式把背景、目的、方法、结果、结论分四段介绍。不同的期刊，四段式的每一部分的说明略有区别。第一部分：Background/Purpose/Objective第二部分：Methods/Methods and Materials第三部分：Results/Findings第四部分：Conclusions/Interpretation② 字数要求：I 一般占全文文字的10%左右。II 有的期刊限制摘要字数，要求300字或者250字以下。III 个别期刊没有字数要求，但要控制在350字以下；
关键词（Keywords）① 形式要求：I 标题、摘要和全文内容中选择。II 反映全文的中心内容。III被医学主题词表收纳的主题词（可以直接参考与本文章主题类似的文章的关键词进行迁移性写作）。IV 根据期刊要求，关键词之间用逗号，分号或者空格隔开② 字数要求：3-8个词或词组。
引言 （Introduction）① 形式要求：论述研究主题的现状，历史背景，目前的研究现状与动态，强调本研究的意义与重要性，概述本研究的主要方法。② 字数要求：一般为200-500字，约占全文的1/8-1/10。
材料与方法 （Materials and Methods）① 形式要求：一般分三大部分。I 实验对象，包括数据来源，纳入排除标准，实验分组，数据预处理情况，伦理声明（注：有的期刊要求伦理声明放在文章末尾部分）II 实验材料与方法，包括实验仪器（设备名称，生产厂家，型号，操作方法），实验材料（药品与试剂名称，成分，规格，来源，出场时间，批次号，浓度，计量，给药途径与方法，用药总量与给药周期等），应用的分析软件（版本号）III 统计学方法介绍，包括具体应用到的统计学方法，统计学分析软件（版本号）② 字数要求：每一小部分在50-100字之间，总体一般500-1200字之间，约占全文的1/4-1/5。
讨论（Discussion）① 形式要求：核心内容是对实验观察中的各种现象和数据进行合理的分析与解释，提出本课题的理论意义与实际应用。主要包括五部分I 对研究的现状的简短概括，回顾研究的主要目的假设，概括文章的主要研究结果。（一段）II 概述本课题主要的研究结果，对结果进行说明，解释，猜测，是否支持原先的假设，与其他学者的研究是否相一致。（分3-4段概括，一部分主要结论写一段）III 目前研究的局限性与不足，以及这些限制可能会对研究结果造成的影响，并建议下一步的研究方向与课题。（一段）V 指出本文结果的理论意义（对现有理论的支持/反驳/修正，构建了新的研究模型与方法）与实际应用。（一段）② 字数要求：一般100-2500字之间，约占全文的1/4-1/5。
结论（Conclusions）①形式要求：一段文字概括文章的核心结果以及对未来研究的意义。② 字数要求：一般30-120字之间。
图例说明（Figure legend）① 形式要求：一段文字概括文章的核心结果结论。② 字数要求：一般每个大图对应20-100字之间。
利益冲突（Conflict of interest statement/Competing Interests）① 形式要求：为了表明发表文章、言论的客观立场。一般写无利益冲突，如The authors declare that there are no conflict of interests，we do not have any possible conflicts of interest。② 字数要求：一般10-30字之间。
参考文献（References）① 形式要求：不同期刊有不同的对参考文献的格式要求。一般在目标期刊的投稿格式部分或者Endnote官网的output styles部分(https://www.tyles/) 下载目标期刊的参考文献格式，并把格式导入Endnote并应用。② 字数要求：一般习惯上有20-50条参考文献，30条左右为常见。有的期刊限制参考文献在50条以下。
毕业论文指导老师职称 第2篇
想成为武林高手，内功固很重要，但一把称心如意的宝剑也是必不可少的，宝剑配英雄。这篇文章我就来介绍介绍可帮助我们写成SCI的得力武器。
1. whiteSmoke
获得方式：
推荐理由：1. 语言处理，也就是润色功能。输入一段需要检查的段落，选择checktext，它就会显示语法检查和拼写检查的结果，以及一些词语可替换的提示和标点符号的更改提示，帮助改善文章的句子。2.句子、段落翻，这个软件是可以满足翻译的需求的。3. 模板的写作功能。该软件提供了很多模板，从具有生活情怀的道歉模板到学生入学介绍信、基金申请说明，应有尽有。
2. Academic Phrasebank
推荐理由：该网站的使用方法相当傻瓜，该网页的导航栏中（见下图）各个选项分别对应着论文引言（Introduction）、引文部分如何引用、实验方法如何描述（Methods）、实验结果（Results）、讨论（Discussion）和总结（Conclusions）。每个标签下方都会简单告诉你，这一部分内容要怎么写、注意事项、动词时态等等，真正做到你的论文写到哪就点到哪里。该网站的另一神奇之处就在于，它不仅仅是给出每部分撰写的例句，还搭建好了相应的写作框架。
3. 科研者之家
推荐理由：很好用的SCI写作神器，不管是正文还是图例部分，你输入中文就可以自动给你生成很多已经发表的论文中表达类似含义的语句。而且网站还提供了期刊推荐，可以说是送佛送到西，一步到位了。
4. 知云文献翻译器
推荐理由：
可以作为pdf阅读器，边看pdf边翻译边划线，具有许多pdf的笔记功能。翻译的语料库来自谷歌生物专业方面的翻译，较为准确，可以切换中-英，和英-中文翻译。
5. StyleWriter：
推荐理由：StyleWriter一款润色神器了，除了校对、术语、句子等基础功能外，最突出的一点是可以给你的文章进行评分（Bog指数），并为提高你文章的可读性提供建议。
6. Grammarly
推荐理由：一款非常强大的语法改错软件，帮助润色英文表达。目前提供了网页版、Mac 版和 Windows 版，网页版提供多款浏览器的扩增插件，而且如果很幸运你的电脑是 Windows 系统，那么Grammarly 还很良心地为你提供 Word 插件。Grammarly 可以实现实时语法错误查找，还提供详细的解释和修改意见。边写边告诉你哪里错了，解释怎么错法，还给出例句，告诉你怎么改。7. Ginger
毕业论文指导老师职称 第3篇
一般来说，博士要读四到五年，年龄在25到30岁之间，是在本科阶段的基础知识和硕士阶段的专业知识的积累之上，终于要冲击博士阶段的创新知识这一关口了。
在博士阶段，不仅时间集中，选题也集中，一般要在博一的选课完成之后，集中花3-4年的时间完成一篇博士论文。
无论是否已经结婚或生子，这一段时间仍然是身体非常健康、精力最集中、外来杂事最少、家人也最支持的阶段，使得可以最大限度地逼迫出自己的科研潜力，最终完成从选题、查资料、列框架到着手写作的整个过程。
毕业论文指导老师职称 第4篇
本文总结了100多篇高分SCI的常见词汇表达，了解这些常见的词汇表达，让你的SCI写作事半功倍，不看会后悔系列。
1. 被认为is known to, it is well known that, be regarded as, is characterized by, is believed to, it is generally acknowledged that, in general, it has been shown that, have been implicated
2. 表明：reveal, report , found, suggested, postulate, proposed, indicate, have shown that, implicated, assume, states, demonstrated, considered as，validated，identified, demonstrating, show, displayed, revealed, reflect, exhibit, hinted, appeared to，uncover, suggest, show, demonstrate, imply, indicate, it was found that, illustrate
3. 旨在：aim to, with the aim to, the purpose of this study is to,to address the genetic burdens, to better understand the association, to test for the presence of sample or data, testing and verification of the presence, to overcome this limitation; to study, to investigate, to verify, to cross-check, to initially test, to eliminate the likelihood of; to further prioritize ....; given its potential involvement，to determine, to further distinguish the function of, to test whether; to understand, to select; according to, for this, as might be expected, due to
4.导致：lead to, result in, is attributed to, cause, contribute to, contribute to, driven by, induced, in response to,
5. 常见：the most common form of, make it one of the most common
6. 研究：research studies, research, study, recent studies, prior studies,7. 之前的研究：previous studies, as previously described, from previously published studies, deciphered using the framework developed by previously, using previously described expression profiles, for some of the previously published samples, previously published data in peer-review journals, Following previous work.
8. 本研究：in this work, in this test, our work, our present study, in this context, current research, our study, here, in this study, these data, these observations, these results
9. 很多：a massive number of, several, various, hundreds of, major, the large amount, multiple, many, a series of, a total of, a set of, diverse, extensive , an increasing body of, a wide range of, multiple, a large number of, majority, a variety of , thousands of
10. 少数：only a small percentage, the limited number, several
11. 过去一段时间：during recent decades, recently, the past decades, in recent years, currently, more recently
12. 过去的观点：In the past debate, modern view, in the prevailing view, in the recent literature, in the past, a prior study, previously, previous analyses
13. 过去研究的描述：more precise treatment, facilitate more accurate detection, increased the accuracy of the prognosis, wide acceptance, has the potential to, provide insight into, with the recent advances, allow for a better understanding of, these results suggest, prior studies have largely focused on, as preivsously described, is similar to previously published ..., has been previously reported, described previously, had previously found evidence of association, previous results have shown that, it was previously found that
14. 进一步研究：selected for further investigation, further sudies, further exploration, subsequent analysis,
15. 实验结果：these findings, these results, these experiments, these models; these findings, these results suggest that, these experiments, further studies, in the analyses of data from; summarize the results
16. 最近：presently, until recently, in studies to date, until recently, more recently, recently
17. 展望：suggest several potential determinants of, provide insights into, inform the future diagnosis and therapy, provide new insights into; ultimately reveal new molecular mechanisms, as an understudied and important potential next frontier, shed light on the molecular basis of , future investigations using strategies reported xxx will likely illuminate novel function of; the data as a continuing source for future discoveries, will be an important question for future investigation；our next challenge is to; can be another strategy for, lays the groundwork for future therapeutic strategies
18. 观察：observed, detected, found, seen, detectable
19. 越来越受到关注：there has been increasingly more attention, with the increasing appreciation, has inspired the development, With the rapid emergence of, recent findings that have greatly increased the number of；
20. 重要：be crucial to, importantly, specifically
21. 发挥作用：serve this function，play an important/a crucial role in
22. 需要，亟需：with large unmet medical needs, further necessitating new therapeutic strategies, it is important to determine, in order to better inform treatment decisions；there is a need to, there are further reasons to, here we sought to, there remains a need for new methodology
23. 符合预期：as expected, be expected to
24. 不足：lacking, challenging even, remain poorly understood, have been difficult to, there is no clear indication, has not yet been fully investigated, despite these advances, it can be difficult to infer, it is unknown whether, little is known about, remain poorly understood, there were a few clues toward, it has remained a significant challenge to dissect, the strategy is challenging to ; these observations underscore the importance of , have not been adequately performed, bridge the gap between, this experimental bottleneck, remains a significant challenge, have largely been ignored as, remain a daunting challenge, has been constrained by
25. 解决：to address this limitation, to investigate this question, to overcome these difficulties, motivated by this earlier work, In order to better characterize, would be expected to provide an opportunity to discover, to understand the potential role of, to demonstrate the performance and utility of this method
26. 解释原因：be largely explained by, mainly because of, due mainly to, caused by, is an important factor, a key factor, a result of, part of the reason for their discovery was that, is the major cause of, a major source for, the result of
27. 基于：based primarily on, underlying, is determined by；depend on, based on, relies on
28. 宏观整体：framework, pipeline, overview
29. 包含：containing，including, excluded from; ranged from A to B; be composed of, consist of, included, recruited,
30. 因此：therefore, hence, thus, consequently
31. 举例：such as, for example, for instance, in another example
32. 一致, 兼容，相似：largely consistent with, combined with, compatible with, large similarities, similar to, match with, consistently, met the above criteria，used the following criteria
33. 类似的：likewise, more likely to
34. 相反：in contrast, there was a controversy, whereas
35. 与。。。。有关：are (strongly) associated with, correlated with, related to, provides a key link
36. 改变：alter, modulate, regulate
37. 增加：increased, elevated
38. 减少：decreased, induced, rescued, minimize,
39. 整合：integrative, comprehensive, incorporating, comprised of, including, as a whole，interrogation, comprehensive, integrated into, integration of,
40. 概括：overview, large-scale, a large overlap, altogether, aggregating, as described above, In summary，combined analyses of data from
41. 应用：performed, applied, commonly used, conducted
42. 推断：infer, reason, conclude，may be, could be, should be, it is possible that, perhaps the reason that. ... is due to
43. 评估：examined, tested, evaluated, assess, investigate, calculated, counted, measured
44. 评价词汇：variable, abolishable, simple, suitable, well established, accuracy, available, precise, facile and informative, effective；play a significant role, crucial, important, valuable, are sensitive to
45. 引起读者注意的副词：clearly, notably, accordingly, unfortunately, typically, importantly, indeed, in particular, remarkably, intriguingly, in fact, , surprisingly, indeed, importantly, more broadly, highlight, primarily, notably, remarkably,
46. 逻辑连接词：in addition, additionally, moreover, furthermore, also, eventually consequently；firstly, secondly, finally; first, second, third; On the one hand, on the other hand;initially, hereafter, therefore, consistently, In practice, to this end, subsequently, briefly, then, finally, accordingly, recently, nevertheless, however, indeed, followed by, then, lastly
47.连接词的表述方法：顺序：as well as; either ....or; neither...nor; thus, then, also, therefore,转折：however, nevertheless; since, while, whereas, In contrast,递进：moreover, furthermore, in addition, additionally, further; first, next, finally;转折：despite, however, still, since, while whereby, yet, though, although, nonetheless
48. 伦理委员会：ethics committee/institutional review board (IRB)，Ethics board approval，Institute Animal Ethics Committee
49. 优点：offers unique advantages and disadvantages，the major advantage of
50. 缺点：a disadvantage of XX is that, these limitations；another limitation is that
51. 患者知情同意书：participants provided informed consent，written informed consent
52. 联系：correlation, associated with, a clear relation, a correlation with，these associations
53. 有统计学意义：significance, significant, pronounced, significantly, statistical, statistical significant
54. 常见形容词：predictive, sensitive, insufficient, histologic, functional, unbiased, elevated, available, selective, dispersed, normalized and differentially expressed, informative, potentially effective, highly sensitive to, comparable, independent, noticeable, sound, regulatory, repressive, robust, promising, confirmed,
55. 常用动词：dissect, consider, sampled, classified, identified, showed, compared, constructed, distinguish, explore, applied, hypothesized, used, applied, measured, validated, implement, promote, enable, allow, examine, investigate, tested, exploit, assessed, evaluated, model, hypothesized, assign, set out, carry out, analyze, screen, report, portraits, establish, develop, utilize, report, carried out, hypothesized, observedextracted, dissented, homogenized, separated, transfer, purchased, dissolved, chronically exposed, sacrificed, housed, deprived of, handled, placed, recorded, divided into, adopted, determine, performed, loaded, downloaded, diluted, performed, obtained, amplified, fused with, cloned into, employed, construct, described, allow, governs, implemented, split into, carried out, harboring, generate, incorporate, anesthetized, decapitated; obtained, estimated, evaluated, assessed, measured, examined, investigate, explore, test the sensitivity and specificity of variables, identify, quantify, is characterized by, deposited, classified, downloaded, revised, included, removed, normalized, combined, subdivided into, calculated, cross-check, summarized, originated from, described, available, detectable, define, scored, determined, generated with, using, applied with, categorize ... into ..., model, imputed, presented, determined, filtered, processed, background corrected, normalized to internal controls, quality control, Images were captured, Freshly sorted XX cells, carried out
